Diagnostics of malfunctions
In the given Section the most simple scheme of finding-out of the reasons of malfunctions and the refusals occurring in knots and systems of a vehicle is offered. Refusals and their possible reasons are broken into groups on the basis of the relation to certain components or car systems, as for example the engine, cooling system, etc., besides, in the text references to Chapters and Sections concerning the given problems are given.
Remember that successful end of search of causes of defect at all is not the black magic accessible to only skilled professional mechanics, and is defined by a combination of certain knowledge and the patient, regular approach to problem research. To move always follows from simple to difficult, to lead up each check to the logic end and to try not to pass the obvious facts — everyone can forget to fill fuel in a fuel tank or to leave for the night included lighting devices.
And at last, always it is necessary to try to make an accurate picture of development of malfunction and to undertake corresponding steps on relapse prevention. If refusal of an electric equipment was the result of infringement of quality of contact, check up at the same time a condition of all other contacts and electric sockets of system. If the same safety lock some times continues to fuse successively, there is no sense in its further replacement — it is necessary to try to find out a cause of a failure. Remember that failure of a minor component can be a sign of infringement of functioning of more important knot or the whole system.
1. THE ENGINE
The engine is not turned at start attempt • connections of plugs of the accumulator (the routine maintenance Schedule) Are weakened or oxidised.
• the Accumulator it is discharged or faulty (the Head an engine Electric equipment).
• electroconducting in a starter chain (the Head an engine Electric equipment) Is broken, weakened or separated.
• the traction relay of a starter or the switch (the Head an engine Electric equipment) Is faulty.
• the starter (the Head an engine Electric equipment) Is faulty.
• a teeth of a gear wheel of a starter or gear вента a flywheel (the Head engine Repair, and an engine Electric equipment) Is broken.
• the cable of weight of the engine (the Head an engine Electric equipment) Is broken or separated.
The engine is turned, but not started
• the Empty fuel tank.
• the accumulator (the engine rotates slowly) (the Head an engine Electric equipment) Is discharged.
• connections of plugs of the accumulator (the Head Maintenance service) Are weakened or oxidised.
• Zashuntirovany or are damaged ignition components — models with the petrol engine (Heads Maintenance service and an engine Electric equipment).
• electroconducting in an ignition chain — models with the petrol engine (Heads Maintenance service and an engine Electric equipment) Is broken, weakened or separated.
• Spark plugs the interelectrode backlash — models with the petrol engine (the Head Maintenance service) is worn out, defective or incorrectly adjusted.
• the preheat system — diesel models (the Head an engine Electric equipment) Is faulty.
• the system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is faulty.
• the valve отсечки fuel — diesel models (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is faulty.
• Air in fuel system — diesel models (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• Serious mechanical malfunction (for example a camshaft drive) (the Head engine Repair).
Not heated-up engine is difficultly started
• the accumulator (the Head an engine Electric equipment) Is discharged.
• connections of plugs of the accumulator (the Head Maintenance service) Are weakened or oxidised.
• Spark plugs are worn out defects or the interelectrode backlash — models with the petrol engine (the Head Maintenance service) is incorrectly adjusted.
• It is faulty preheat system — diesel models (the Head an engine Electric equipment).
• the system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (Heads Maintenance service and an engine Electric equipment) Is faulty.
• the valve of fast idling — diesel models (the Head of the Power supply system, release) is incorrectly adjusted.
• the Low compression in engine cylinders (the Head engine Repair).
The heated-up engine is difficultly started
• the filtering element of the air filter (the Head Maintenance service) Is polluted or blocked.
• Malfunction of system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the Low compression in engine cylinders (the Head engine Repair).
The starter rustles or was roughly linked to a flywheel wreath
• a teeth of a gear wheel of a starter or a gear wreath of a flywheel (the Head Repair of the engine and an engine Electric equipment) Are broken.
• Are weakened or there are no fixing bolts of a starter (the Head an engine Electric equipment).
• internal components of a starter (the Head an engine Electric equipment) Are worn out or damaged.
The engine is started, but immediately глохнет
• Are weakened or defects electric chains of system of ignition — models with the petrol engine (Heads Maintenance service and an engine Electric equipment).
• Vacuum leak in the case of a throttle or the inlet pipeline — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the atomizer/malfunction in system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is littered.
Unstable work in an idling mode
• the filtering element of the air filter of the air filter (the Head Maintenance service) Is blocked.
• Vacuum leak in the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or the connected hoses — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release)
• Spark plugs the interelectrode backlash — models with the petrol engine (the Head Maintenance service) is worn out, defective or incorrectly adjusted.
• the Unequal or low compression in engine cylinders (the Head engine Repair).
• cam-shaft cams (the Head engine Repair) Are worn out.
• it is Incorrectly tense gear приводной a belt (the Head engine Repair).
• the atomizer/malfunction in system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is littered.
• the atomizer — diesel models (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is faulty.
Ignition admissions idling
• Spark plugs the interelectrode backlash — models with the petrol engine (the Head Maintenance service) is worn out, defective or incorrectly adjusted.
• high-voltage conducting of spark plugs — models with the petrol engine (the Head Maintenance service) Is faulty.
• Vacuum leak in the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or the connected hoses — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the atomizer/malfunction in system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is littered.
• the atomizer — diesel models (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is faulty.
• the distributor Cover has burst or is burnt out from within — models with the petrol engine (where it is applied) (the Head an engine Electric equipment).
• the Unequal or low compression in engine cylinders (the Head engine Repair).
• ventilation hoses картера (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Are separated or damaged.
Ignition admissions on all operating modes
• the element of the fuel filter (the Head Maintenance service) Is hammered by a dirt.
• It is faulty топливоподкачивающий the pump, or low pressure of giving — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the drainage aperture in a fuel tank Is blocked, or the section through passage топливопроводов (the Head of the Power supply system, release) has decreased.
• Vacuum leak in the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or the connected hoses — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release)
• Spark plugs the interelectrode backlash — models with the petrol engine (the Head Maintenance service) is worn out, defective or incorrectly adjusted.
• high-voltage conducting of spark plugs — models with the petrol engine (the Head Maintenance service) Is faulty.
• the atomizer — diesel models (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is faulty.
• the distributor Cover has burst or is burnt out from within — models with the petrol engine (where it is applied) (the Head an engine Electric equipment).
• the ignition coil — models with the petrol engine (the Head an engine Electric equipment) Is faulty.
• the Unequal or low compression in engine cylinders (the Head engine Repair).
• the atomizer/malfunction in system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is littered.
The engine gives failure by pressing of a pedal of gas
• Spark plugs the interelectrode backlash — models with the petrol engine (the Head Maintenance service) is worn out, defective or incorrectly adjusted.
• Vacuum leak in the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or the connected hoses — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the atomizer/malfunction in system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is littered.
• the atomizer — diesel models (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is faulty
The engine глохнет
• Vacuum leak in the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through hoses — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the fuel filter (the Head Maintenance service) Is hammered by a dirt.
• It is faulty топливоподкачивающий the pump, or low pressure of giving — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the drainage aperture in a fuel tank Is blocked, or the section through passage топливопроводов (the Head of the Power supply system, release) has decreased.
• the atomizer/malfunction in system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is littered.
• the atomizer — diesel models (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is faulty.
The engine does not develop a total power
• it is incorrectly established or will pull gear приводной a belt (the Head engine Repair).
• the fuel filter (the Head Maintenance service) Is hammered by a dirt.
• It is faulty топливоподкачивающий the pump, or low pressure of giving — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the Unequal or low compression in engine cylinders (the Head engine Repair).
• Spark plugs the interelectrode backlash — models with the petrol engine (the Head Maintenance service) is worn out, defective or incorrectly adjusted.
• Vacuum leak in the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or the connected hoses — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the atomizer/malfunction in system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is littered.
• the atomizer — diesel models (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is faulty.
• the injection moment — diesel models (the Head of the Power supply system, release) is incorrectly established.
• Podtormazhivanie of wheels (the Head Maintenance service and Brake system).
• coupling Proslipping (the Head Coupling).
The engine gives return blow
• it is incorrectly established or will pull gear приводной a belt (the Head engine Repair).
• Vacuum leak in the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or the connected hoses — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the drainage aperture in a fuel tank Is blocked, or the section through passage топливопроводов (the Head of the Power supply system, release) has decreased.
• the atomizer/malfunction in system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release) Is littered.
At engine work the control lamp of pressure of oil burns
• Low level of oil, or oil of a wrong grade is filled in.
• the gauge of pressure of oil (the Head an engine Electric equipment) Is faulty
• Are worn out the loose leaf of bearings коленвала and-or the oil pump (the Head engine Repair).
• High working temperature of the engine (the Head of System of cooling, heating).
• It is faulty редукционный the oil valve (the Head engine Repair).
• the Hammered mesh filter of a reception tube of the oil pump (the Head engine Repair).
The engine works after deenergizing
• the Excessive deposit in the engine (the Head engine Repair).
• High working temperature of the engine the Head of System of cooling, heating).
• Malfunction of system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the Defective valve отсечки fuel — diesel models (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
Noise in the engine
• Premature ignition (detonation) or a detonation at acceleration or under loading.
• Wrong installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition/malfunction in ignition system — models with the petrol engine (Heads Maintenance service and an engine Electric equipment).
• Spark plugs do not correspond to engine type — models with the petrol engine (the Head Maintenance service).
• the Wrong grade of fuel (the Head Maintenance service).
• Vacuum leak in the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or the connected hoses — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, release).
• the Excessive deposit in the engine (the Head engine Repair).
• the atomizer/malfunction in system of injection of fuel — models with the petrol engine (the Head of the Power supply system, | 